Thankfully, this is slowly changing as more clinicians realize the damaging effects of racism. However, during the entire 20th Century, almost all of the mental health providers were rich and white. Despite many studies that showed that the major cause of a lot of emotional turmoil was poverty and racism, they never saw it, or understood it.

Also, like many other white professionals, they were somewhat afraid of Black men, and their treatments were to sedate their anger instead of trying to understand it. I do think that is changing . Also, now there are more psychologists and psychiatrists of color. There should be more.